Rose SVG is a collective name for species and varieties of the human species and varieties of the genus Shipovnik (lat. Rósa). Most of the rose varieties are the result of prolonged breeding through repeated crossbreeding and selection. Some varieties are forms of wild species.
Rose SVG History
Roses SVG were first started to be grown in Ancient Rome, although the main purpose of the gardens of that time was to grow useful plants (fruit, vegetable, spicy and medicinal plants), but in the works of Roman writers there – description of about 10 varieties of roses. Herodotus already in the V century BC in his “History” describes the gardens of King Midos in Macedonia and mentions there terry rose. Theophrastus in 300 BC describes the gardens of Greece and gives a description of roses with 15, 20 and even 100 petals. On the magnificent mosaic from Pompeii, stored in the Museum of Naples, you can see and Damascena (Rosa ×damascena), the homeland of which is undoubtedly the East, and from there it got into the gardens of Southern Italy. With the collapse of the Roman Empire, horticulture moved to monasteries. It was the monastery gardens that served as the prototype of the gardens across the Alps. Charlemagne in his instructions for the management of Capitulare de villis estates indicated a list of plants to grow, among which were roses. At the time of the Carolingians, ornamental plants in the gardens were grown primarily for medicinal purposes, although their beauty was undoubtedly noticed. Field flowers were collected for wreaths and other decorations. And only rose bushes received special attention and were grown in gardens. In the paintings of great Italian Renaissance artists we can see roses, which were grown in the Italian gardens of the time, the homeland of which is likely to be Italy. In 1309, Pope Clement V moved with his court from Rome to Avignon and the center of the Catholic Church remained there until 1377. As historians testify, already at this time roses were grown on the territory of the papal palace. In the garden of the Bishop of Eichstedt in the beginning of the XVII century grew 21 varieties of roses, brought to Europe from the east through Constantinople, including Damascus. At the time of the Minnesingers there were beautiful gardens with red and white roses, which the Minnesingers crowned with. Since the end of the 19th century, the selection of roses has been carried out in almost all countries of the world.
The current great variety of Rose SVG varieties is formed by crossbreeding and selection of several wild rosehip varieties. Many varieties of park terry roses originate from the Rosa gallica, so named for its wide spread in France (Gaul). The culture of this rose and the varieties created on its basis has its origins in Ancient Babylon, then Ancient Greece and Rome, and from the XIII century France and made up the whole epoch in the history of roses, up to the XVIII century. By crossing the Gaulian rose with other species were obtained a Damascus rose, a capital rose (Rosa × Centifolia) and a white rose. The method of crossing species in relation to roses was known in Europe already in the period of the Roman Empire:522.
The history of garden Roses SVG began at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, when evergreen thermophilic roses with a peculiar scent of tea-like petals were brought to Europe (first to England and then to France) from South-East Asia. These roses had new decorative qualities: shiny leathery leaves, special nobility of the shape of buds and flowers, and a particularly important feature – repairenness, i.e. the ability to flower many times over. Breeders’ efforts were aimed at creating new varieties that would combine the repairability of Asian roses with the frost resistance of European roses. For a long time it was not possible to achieve this, and only at the beginning of the XIX century it was possible to overcome the incresistibility of these two groups of roses.
The first scientific characteristic of roses was given by the ancient Greek naturalist, philosopher and botanist Theophrastus. He described in detail the wild and garden roses, justified the methods of their cultivation and reproduction.
The first mention of rose cultivation in Russia dates back to the early 16th century. It is assumed that they came to Russia through Balkan Slavic tribes. The mass spread of these tribes only took place during the reign of Catherine II. By the end of the 19th century, roses were being grown throughout the European part of Russia.
The most important modern classes of roses were formed on the basis of tetraploid species (with the number of chromosomes 4n = 28) of European (group of Gaulic roses) and diploid (2n = 14) Asian cultural and wild roses (Rosa chinensis, Rosa moschata, Rosa gigantea). Most modern varieties of tea-hybrid roses and floribunda are tetraploids.